Boiler.



W. H. WINSLOW.

BOILER.

urmcumn FILED MAY 10, 1910.

Patented Dec.3,1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

[77, 06722902" Z 6am 15. WL'N/JZOZU Attorneys W. H. WINSLOW.

BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 16, 1910.

Ptented Dec. 3, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

'fnventar VIZZZ Ham 1?: WEN/ska) 4 W. H. WINSLOW.

BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 16, 1910,

1,046,132. Patented Dec.3,1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Ci/[772655651 Zhvemiar mi -Z I liflf 3y fltiarne? WZZ z'wmfi Win/slaw UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM H. wIivsLow, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE STEAM POWER DEVICES COMPANY, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION or ILLINoIs.

BOILER.

T all whom it may concern: y

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. VVINs- LOW, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and Improved Boiler, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in boiler construction which is particularly applicable for small boilers used for the purpose of producing steam rapidly and under high pressure.

My improved construction is particularly valuable in connection with boilers that must be made as light as possible and at the same time have sutlieient mechanical strength to withstand not only high boiler pressure but also hard usage to which boilers are frequently subjected by inexperienced operators, as for example in automobile work.

- By my invention I secure the several parts of the boiler together by means of fusion produced by the oxy-acetylene flame, since it has been found by experience that connections when properly made in this way are more secure than those produced by other means heretofore employed. The difficulty that has been experienced in the past is to produce a boiler made of such thickness that it may readily be fused to the ends of the comparatively thin flues employed while the head at the same time is thick enough to be )roperly fused to the shell of the boiler. It ias been found by experimentation that the best results are secured when the metals fused together by means of the oxy-acetylene flame are of ractic ally the same thickness. While the tieory accountin for this has not been definitely establis ed, it is thought that it may be due to this condition providing paths of equal conductivity in the two metals tobe joined so that both metals are brought to the melting oint at the same time and therefore perect union'occurs between the two.

By my invention I provide a construction of boiler head such that the material disposed around the ends of the flues is of substantially the thickness of the flues, while the periphery of the head is of substantially the same thickness as the portion of the shell engaging such periphery wihch portion is Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

Application filed May 16, 1910. Serial No. 561,643.

preferably considerably thicker than the walls of the boiler flues.

In carrying out my invention the ends of theflues may be left round if desired and the material of the head may be so disposed as to constitute in effect flanges around the ends of the flues in any of the ways described below, or the ends of the flues may. be made of polygonal conformatio-n't'o en-- gage correspondingly formed holes in the head, any particular polygon .being em- Figure 1 is a plan view of the boiler show- 1 ing a head having small holes drilled in its outer surface around the ends of the boiler flues to remove a part of the material between the flues. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a portion of the construction shown in Fig. 1 taken along the line 2-2. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a port-ion of the construction shown in Fig. 1 taken along the line 33, and in this construction the lower head is shown as formed integrally with the boiler shell. Fig. 4 shows in plan view similar to Fig. 1 a portion of the boiler head, the boiler flues and the shell, the small holes in the head between the flues having been cutout by means of a suitable punch so as to be substantially parallel with the openings formed in the head for the flues. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a portion of the parts shown in Fig. 4 taken along the line 55. Fig. 6 shows in a view similar to Fig. 4 a modified construction by which the triangular shaped openings between the flues are formed by means of suitable punches without first drilling these openings. Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a portion of the construe.- tion shown in Fig- 6 taken along the line 7 7. Fig. 8 is an enlarged view, similar to Fig. 5 showing the ends of the flues and the achoining flan esof the head expanded in addition to being fused together. Fig. 9 is of the boiler shell.

structed of sheet metal having flanges formed around' the ends of the fines by means of suitable dies, the edge of the head being properly reinforced to engage the end Fig. is a sectional View of the parts shown in Fig. 9 taken along the line 10-10. Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing the fines so disposed in the head that channels may be out between them part way through the head and 'enlarged clearance openings formed at the intersections of such channels. Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the parts shown in Fig. 11 taken along the line 12-12. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 11 the difference being that the ends of the fines are squared and the openings through the head, are similarly conformed thus doing away with the necessity for the enlarged openings at the intersections of the channels, as shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 14' is a sectional view of the parts shown in Fig. 13 taken along the line 14-14. Fig. 15 isa view similar to Fig. 11 showing channels in the boiler head between the ends of the fines resulting from drilling a plurality of holes in the surface ofthe head as indicated. Fig. 16 is a sectional view of the parts shown in Fig. 15 taken along the line 1616. Fig. 3-0 17 shows a modified arrangement of a boiler head for the reception of fiueends of polygonal conformation, the channels in the surface of the head being cut in this case as shown in Fig. 13 and also diagonally across the squares thus formed. Fig. 18 shows a modified construction of boiler head in which the flue ends are formed of triangular cross section, such triangles being equiangular, as a result of which the channels formed in the boiler head are all disposed at 60 degrees to each other. Fig. 19 shows a construction similar to that illustrated in Figs. 13 and 14, the only diflerence being that the channels 10 are narrower at the bottom than at the top, thus making it easier to form such channels.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

' As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the boiler consists essentially of a head 1 located within the end of a shell 2, such head having formed therethrough a plurality Yof holes 3 through which the boiler flues 4 extend. The head 1 has formed therein between the flues and surrounding the same a lurality of small drilled holes 5 which in efi ect leave a wall of metal 6, as shown in Fig. 2 surrounding the ends of the tubes 4 and of substantially the same thickness. The tubes 4 may project slightly beyondthe face of the head 1 or may be left flush with the outer face of the head 1 as desired and are fused to thehead by means of the oxy-acetylene flame. In order to more perfectly form the es'flanges 6 the drilled holes 5 may be somewhat enlarged as shown in Fig. 4 at 5 by means of punches forced into the holes after the drilling operation, the effect being to make the sides of the holes 5 practically parallel with the holes 3 through the headl. The punching operation referred to serves to force some of the metal into the bottom of thev holes 5 as indicated in Fig. 5. Whether the holes are drilled as shown at 5 or punched as shown at 5 they are in no event to pass entirely through the head 1 but are stopped a suflicient distance from the inner face of the head to leave the latter sufficiently strong to resist the pressure developed in the boiler. The head 1 is of substantially the thickness of the portion 2 of the shell engaged thereby and is held in position in the shell by fusion by means of the oXy-acetylene flame and to 'make the joint doubly secure additional material may be fused into the corner between the head and shell from a suitable sealing stick or wire to form a fillet of the material as indicated at 7 in Fig. 3. The other head of the boiler may be similar to the head 1 or it may be formed integrally with the shell 2 asdesired, the latter construction being indicated in Fig. 8.

The head 1 may be constructed without drilling the holes 5 if desired as follows: The first operation is to drill through the head theholes 3 somewhat smaller than the finished holes 3 that are to receive the boiler fines and after this has beencdone triangular punches are employed to force from the outer surface of the head 1 enough of the material of the head to leave the triangular holes 5 above referred to. The relation of the head 1 to the die 8 employed in this operation is indicated in Fig. 7 in which it will be seen that the metal of the head is forced inward at the bottoms of the punched holes beyond the inner surface of the head and that it is also forced sidewise a certain amount into the holes 3. After the punching operation the. holes 3 are drilled out to a proper size to receive the ends of the flues 4. The portions 1 of the head projecting inside of its inner surface as a result of the punching operation serve to 'stren gthen the head rather than weaken it.

As shown in Fig. 8, the tubes 4 after i being placed in the head'l may be expanded before theoperation of fusing the fines to the head and the expanding operation serves not only to expand the ends of the tubes but also the surrounding flanges 6 as a result of which the enlarged ends of the flues receive partly or wholly the outward'thrust exerted upon the head 1 by the boiler pressure developed. For this construction the fusing operation serves principally to seal the joints between the ends of the fines and the boiler head, and the construction resulting is more secure therefore than it is if the fused porv 50 these channels may readily be so conforme 55 ment of the flues in the head and the con- Ieo means of a mil ing cutter of the proper inc-ease a of the flues 4, the holes at the intersections of these rows of holes 5 being of larger diameter to leave walls of metal around the ends of the flues which are practically of the same thickness as the material of the flues. 70 This construction makes possible any desired arrangement of the flues relatively to each other and does not necessitate that the flues be arranged in rows at right angles to each other as shown in Figs. 11 and 13 or 75 that the flues be disposed as close together as shown in Figs. 1 and 4.

It is to be understood that the ends of the flues may be given any polygonal conformation that will afford such an arrangement of holes in the head 1 that the sides of the holes from uninterrupted straight lines across the face of the head. This resultis desirable in order that the flanges surrounds tions are depended upon to stand the outward thrust referred to.

In the modification shown in Figs. 9 and 10 the head 9 is made of sheet metal and is constructed by first forming in a circular sheet a plurality of holes smaller than the outer diameter of the flues and spaced as the flues are to be spaced in the boiler. By means of suitable forming dies flanges are then turned outward from the holes as dicated at 9 the inside diameter of the circular flanges thus formed being of a proper size to receive the ends of the flues 41. The flues may thenbe expanded and secured in place as above described. In order to secure a periphery of thicker material than the body portion of the head 9 the edge of the circular sheet may be folded over upon itself as shown at 9 by means ofsuitable dies after which the head is finished around the edge to fit into the end of the shell 2 in which position it is secured by fusion as above described. In this modification the head 9 is of approximately the same thickness as the walls of the flues 4.

As shown in Figs. 11 and 12 the head 1 may have the holes 3 disposed in rows at right angles to each other instead of being staggered as indicated in the modifications above described, the flues 4 being secured in the head as already indicated. In this modification channels 10 are out part way through the head 1 in each direction between the rows of flues 4 such channels being of a width. to leave flanges 6? of substantially-the thickness of the walls of the tubes 4:. The portion ofthe head 1 at the intersection of the channels 10 is also removed by drilling holes 11 of suitablesize in order thatthe flanges 6 may be of practically uniform cross section around the flues 4:.

In the modification shown in Figs. 13 and 14 the ends of the flues 4: which are of circular cross section are squared and are inserted in square holes 3 arranged in rows at right angles to each other as are the holes 3 in Fig. 11. Channels 10 are cut in the outer face of the head 1 between the ends of the flues 4 and since the ends are square cutting continuous channels in the face 0 the head without any additional operation to form such flanges.

In Figs. 17 and 18 two other arrangements are .hown, the one in Fig. 17 resulting from cutting channels in the head 1 at right angles to each other as indicated in Fig. 13 and then cutting other channels diagonally across the squares thus formed, the resultbeing the formation of flanges in the form of right angle triangles, the ends of the flues being similarly formed to enter corresponding holes bounded by such flanges.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 18 is similar the only difference being that the channels are so cut in the head 1 that they are all inclined at an angle of sixty degrees to each other and therefore the flanges thus formed and the ends of the boiler flues contained within the flanges are in the form of equilateral triangles.

In any of the above modifications the ends of the flues and the flanges surrounding them may if desired be expanded so as to relieve the fused joints between the ends of the flues and such flanges of the outward thrust exerted upon the boiler head by the pressure developed in the boiler.

In the construction shown in Figs. 11 to 16, inclusive a reinforcing shell 12 is shown surrounding the shell 2 of the boiler. When it is desired to employ such a reinforcing shell, it is to be understood that the shell 2 is first secured to the head 1 by fusion in as to leave flanges 6 of the same thickness as the material of the flues such flanges being of uniform cross section around the ends of the flues. As a result of the arrangefusing flame ma be equally affected thereformation of such ends'above described, the

by, as a result 0 which both are brought to cutting of the channels 10 is the only operation required to make the flanges 6" The channels 10 ma preferably be made by the arts are properly fused together the rein orcing she 12 1S shrunk on to afford additional strength to the boiler structure.

In the construction indicated in Fig, 19 the channels 10 are formed by means of a V-shaped cutter, which results in channels thickness.

In the modification shown in Figs. 15 and 16 the material of the head 1 is shown as removed from between the ends of the flues 4 65 by drilling rows of holes 5 between the en ing the ends of the flues may be formed by 35 i order that the masses of metal heated by the 120 dB which are wider at the top than at the botv flues of substantially tom. This affords a more convenient operation for the milling cutter, since the saws used to form the channels 10 having parallel sides frequently bind and heat more or less 1n use.

From the above it will appear that the boiler structure described above comprises a plurality of originally separate parts which, by the fusing operation, are so joined together'that the steel of which the boilers are made is continuous throughout, and in the claims which form a part of this application I employ the term integral to refer to the parts thus united to designate the structure thus form ed, meaning thereby that the parts are so joined that the metal is continuous from one part to another and the structure produced is substantially homogeneous throughout.

It is to be understood that other constructions than those described above may be employed for carrying out my invention. I therefore desire to claim any equivalents that may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

What I claim is:

1. In a boiler, the combination of a head, and flues extending through the head, such head having flanges formed thereon around the fines of substantially the thickness of and fused to the flues.

2. In a boiler, the combination of a head, flues extending through the head, such head having flanges formed thereon around the the thickness of and fused to the flues, and a shell secured to such head, the engagin head and shell being 0 substantially the same thickness and fused together.

3. In combination, a boiler head having holes formed therethrough, flues extending of the tubes and portions of the" 1910.

through and fused to the head, and projec' tions from the body portion of the head around the ends of the flues of substantially the same heat conductivity as the flues.

4. In combination, a boiler head ha holes formed therethrough, flues extending through and fused tions from the body portion of the head around the end of the flues, each of such projections having substantially the same heat conductivity as the flue it surrounds.

5. In a boiler, the combination of a head, and tubes having their ends in holes through the head said parts together constituting an integral structure.

6. In a boiler, the combination of a steel head, and steel flues having their ends in holes through the head said parts together constituting an integral structure.

7. In a boiler, the combination of a head, a shell, and flues having their ends in holes through the head, said parts together con stituting an integral structure. I

8. In a boiler, the combination of a steel head, a steel shell, and steel .flues having their ends in holes through the head, said parts together constituting an integral struc} .ture. v

9. A boiler structurecomprising wrought to the head, and projecmetal tubes, a head surrounding the ends Y having flanges engaging and a shell engaging the head,

the tubes,

together constituting an integral said parts structure.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto sub scribed my name this 14th day of May, A. D.

. WILLIAM H. WI'NSLOW.

Witnesses:

CHARLES A. BROWN, ALBERT G. BELL. 

